南華大學(xué)護(hù)理學(xué)院《護(hù)理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》 測(cè)試題三 一、Select the best answer for each of the following questions. （one point per question, thirty points in total) 1. The humidity of between 55% and 65% is used for which of the following patients: A. the respirator執(zhí)業(yè)藥師y infection and children B. the aged C. women D. suffering from an allergy to mold 2. It is wise for a nurse to air the room during times A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C. in the evening D. when patients are out of their rooms for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures 3. In bedmaking nursing activities, a nurse always keeps: A. the back straight B. the back bent C. the hips bent D. A and C 4. About 75% of elderly people have lost all their own teeth: A. by age 60 B. by age 65 C. by age 70 D. by age 75 5. The use of fluoride is known to: A. prevent dental caries B. eliminate tooth decay C. prevent mouth infection D. eliminate mouth infection 6. Which of the following patients should have a shampoo? A. the patients with weak or very tired B. the patients with a respiratory infection C. the patients with a very greasy or dirty hair D. the patients with a fever 7. Deep decubitus ulcers are mainly caused by: A. immobility B. friction C. shearing forces D. malnutrition 8. The normal respiratory rate in adults is considered to be A. 1 to 6 breaths per minute B. 16 to 20 breaths per minute C. 60 to 80 breaths per minute D. 100 to 120 breaths per minute 9. A client has a blood pressure reading of 130/90 when visiting a clinic. The nurse would recommend A. follow-up measurements of blood pressure B. immediate treatment by a physician C. nothing, because the nurse considers this reading is due to anxiety D. a change in diet and exercise 10. Which type of fever is usually occurs in pneumococcus pneumonitis: A. continued fever B. remittent fever C. intermittent fever D. irregular fever 11. Which of the following descriptions belongs to abnormal pulse rhythm? A. intermittent pulse B. absent pulse C. thready pulse D. weak pulse 12. When one person thrills, which of the following descriptions is right? A. systolic pressure has no instinct change, diastolic pressure rises B. systolic pressure rises, diastolic pressure has no instinct change C. both rise D. both have no change 13. Which of the following comments on the definition of pain is not right? A. pain is a highly unpleasant and very personal sensation that cannot be shared with others B. pain is an important sign that there is something physiologically wrong C. the mechanism of pain is clear D. pain is usually accompanied by other bodily sensations such as pressure, heat, or perhaps cold 14. Which the following tissues have no pain receptors: A. the skin B. the alveoli of the lungs C. the arterial walls D. the periosteum 15. Analgesics are more effective when given: A. before 30 minutes the patient feels severe pain B. just when the patient feels severe pain C. before 10 minutes the patient feels severe pain D. after the pain is severe 16. Nerve blocks are not used for: A. the pain of whiplash injury B. low back disorders, bursitis, and cancer C. psychogenic pain D. during dental work 17. Which of the following processes is not partially subject to voluntary control? A. muscle tension B. heart beat and blood flow C. temperature D. pain 18. The most common cycle is: A. the circadian rhythm, a 1-day cycle B. the infradian rhythm, a monthly cycle C. the ultradian rhythm, consisting of cycles completed in minutes or hours D. all of the above 19. Each sleep cycle lasts about A. 70 minutes B. 80 minutes C. 90 minutes D. 100 minutes 20. If the sleeper is very tired, REM cycles are often A. short B. long C. unchanged D. short or long 21. The periodic cessation of breathing during sleep is called: A. parasomnias B. sleep apnea C. hypersomnia D. narcolepsy 22. Sudden infant death syndrome often occurs in: A. infants of 1 to 2 months B. infants of 2 to 4 months C. in infants of 4 to 6 months D. infants of 6 to 8 months 23. Body movement dose not involve: A. stretching exercises B. aerobic exercise C. isokinetic exercise D. strength and endurance exercises 24. Risks related to exercises do not include: A. precipitating a cardiac event B. orthopedic discomfort C. weight gain D. disability 25. The followingwww.med126.com factors effect heat and cold therapy are true except: A. area B. time C. temperature D. psychology 26. Which of the following descriptions is not true? A. both cold and warmth receptors lie close to the surface of the skin. B. the cold receptors are more plentiful than the warmth receptors. C. there are more warmth receptors on the forehead. D. thermal signals are picked up by the warmth or cold receptors and transmitted along the sensory nervous to the central nerves system. 27. A sitz bath is a method of providing moist heat to: A. an acute infectious area B. large body areas C. a small body area D. the pelvic area 28. Which of the following person can use a hot water bag with 60-70℃ water is: A. the unconscious B. a patient with diarrhea C. paralytic D. infant 29. Risks related to exercises do not include: A. precipitating a cardiac event B. orthopedic discomfort C. weight gain D. disability 30. The trendelenburg position is not used for: A. circulatory shock B. drainage of pulmonary secretion C. bronchial asthma D. premature rupture of membranes 二、多選題 （每題1分，共10分) 1．四人搬運(yùn)法適用于（ ) A．兒科病人 B．頸椎骨折病人 C．不能起床，病情輕但肥胖病人 D．輸液或?qū)虿∪?nbsp; E．病情危重病人 2．肛門部位的檢查可采用（ ) A．屈膝 B．側(cè)臥位 C．俯臥位 D．截石位 E．膝胸位 3．嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行無菌操作的主要目的是（ ) A．保證病人安全 B．防止自身感染 C．保證無菌物品不被污染 D．保證操作有序進(jìn)行 E．防止微生物侵入人體 4．保養(yǎng)搪瓷類物品應(yīng)注意避免（ ) A．燃燒消毒 B．強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿的接觸 C．粗糙物摩擦 D．驟冷驟熱 E．碰撞脫瓷 5．無菌持物鉗只限用于（ ) A．取無菌凡士林紗布 B．取乙醇棉球 C．換藥 D．取無菌針頭 E．消毒皮膚 6．劉先生，背部燒傷，需俯臥，在制定護(hù)理計(jì)劃時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮有發(fā)生壓瘡的潛在危險(xiǎn)（ ) A．足跟 B．肩胛骨 C．胸肋部、膝部 D．髂前上棘 E．踝部 7．高熱持續(xù)期的臨床表現(xiàn)是（ ) A．體溫值在較高水平 B．顏面潮紅，口干舌燥 C．皮膚灼熱出汗多 D．尿少色深 E．呼吸快，脈搏細(xì)弱 8．關(guān)于脈搏生理性變化錯(cuò)誤的是（ ) A．幼兒比成人快 B．男性比女性快 C．老年人比幼兒快 D．站立較臥位快 E．運(yùn)動(dòng)和情緒激動(dòng)是增快 9．可用冷療的病人是（ ) A．肘關(guān)節(jié)挫傷5天 B．鼻出血 C．左小腿慢性炎癥 D．下肢淺靜脈炎 E．中暑高熱 10．面部危險(xiǎn)三角區(qū)感染時(shí)用熱敷療法，可導(dǎo)致（ ) A．細(xì)菌毒素易進(jìn)入血液循環(huán) B．疼痛加劇 C．炎癥擴(kuò)散 D．顱內(nèi)感染 E．敗血癥 三、名詞解釋 （每題2分，共10分) 1．體位引流 2．Biot’s respiration 3．Pressure sores 4．隔離 5．醫(yī)源性損害 四、填空題 （每空0.5分，共10分) 1．最常見的機(jī)械性損傷是 。 2．醫(yī)院感染的預(yù)防和控制措施中在人員控制方面主要控制 和 。 3．醫(yī)院診療器械按污染后可造成的危害程度和在人體接觸部位的不同分為 、 、 。 4．根據(jù)壓瘡發(fā)展過程和輕重程度，可分為 期、 期、 期。 5．睡眠具有 和 兩種不同的時(shí)相狀態(tài)。 6．脈壓差增大常見于 、 ；脈壓差減小常見于 、 。 7．根據(jù)灌腸的目的可分為 和 。 8．膀胱高度膨脹的病人，第一次放尿不應(yīng)超過 ml，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致 和 。 五、問答題 （每題6分，共18分) 1．簡(jiǎn)述化學(xué)消毒滅菌劑的使用原則。 2．試述鼻飼法的目的和注意事項(xiàng)。 3．冷熱療法均可解痛，其作用機(jī)制有什么區(qū)別？ 六、綜合分析題 （第一題10分，第二題12分，共22分) 1．陳女士，30歲，腹部手術(shù)后出現(xiàn)尿潴留，在誘導(dǎo)排尿無效時(shí)，可采取的護(hù)理措施是什么？操作中應(yīng)注意哪些問題？ 2．李先生，45歲，在烈日下工作4小時(shí)后，感到乏力，頭暈、頭痛，出汗減少。檢查：體溫41℃，脈搏120次/分，呼吸24次/分。診斷：中暑。醫(yī)囑：大量不保留灌腸，請(qǐng)問： ⑴ 灌腸的目的是什么？ ⑵ 選用何種溶液？量及溫度是多少？ ⑶ 灌腸時(shí)應(yīng)注意哪些？ | 
