第八章 體檢（胸腹部)[Physical examination(chest and belly)]
1、肋骨和軟組織[ribs and soft tissure]
•胸骨上切跡[suprasternal notch]
•浮肋[free ribs]
•胸壁[chest wall]
•扁平（桶狀、佝僂、漏頭、雞)胸[flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest]
•皮下氣腫[subcutaneous emphysema]
•捻發(fā)音[Crepitus]
•佝僂病串珠[rachitic rosary]
•軟骨病[chondrosteoma]
•脂肪瘤[lipoma]
•軟骨發(fā)育不全[achondroplasia (chondrodysplasia)]
•軟組織損傷[soft tissue injury]
•肋骨畸形[abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)]
•肋骨串珠（錯(cuò)位)[beading (displacement) of rib]
•肋軟骨畸形[costochondral deformity]
•肋軟骨增生[costal cartilage hyperplasia]
•肋下切口[subcostal incision]
•肋間隙寬（窄)[wide (narrow) intercostal space]
2、乳房[breast]
•對(duì)稱性[symmetry]
•乳頭內(nèi)陷（內(nèi)縮)[crater (retracted) nipple]
•乳頭皺裂[cracked nipple]
•乳頭偏斜（抬高)[nipple skewness(elevation)]
•乳頭溢液[nipple discharge]
•乳頭膿腫（潰瘍、血腫)[abscess (ulcer, hematoma) of nipple]
•乳頭過(guò)小[hypomastia]
•乳斑[milk spots]
•乳房潮紅[breast flush]
•乳房出血[mastorrhagia]
•乳房過(guò)早發(fā)育[premature thelarche]
•乳房腫脹（膿腫)[mammary swelling(abscess)]
•乳房濕疹[eczema mammae]
•乳房下垂[mastoptosis (pendulous breast)]
•乳房萎縮[mastatrophy]
•巨乳[macromastia]
•乳暈[mammary areola]
•乳房硬化[zaranthan]醫(yī).學(xué).全.在線.網(wǎng).站.提供
•異常泌乳[abnormal lactation]
•男子女性化乳房[gynecomastism]
•乳房皮膚紅腫[erythroswelling of mammary skin]
•乳房桔皮征[mammary orange-peel sign]
•乳記局限性凹陷[mammary localized pitting]
•乳房瘺管[breast fistula]
•正常女性乳房[normal female breasts]
•無(wú)壓痛性腫塊[nontender mass]
3、肺[lung]
•呼吸緩慢（急促)[bradypnea (tachypnea)]
•呼吸淺慢（深快)[hypopnea (hyperpnea)]
•呼吸不規(guī)則[irregular respiration]
•點(diǎn)頭呼吸[nodding breathing]
•端坐呼吸[orthopnea]
•三凹征[retraction sign of three fossae]
•嘆息樣呼吸[sighing respiration]
•淺快[shallow and rapid]
•呼（吸)氣性呼吸困難[expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea]
•呼吸道燒傷（塌陷)[burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)]
•呼吸道阻塞[respiratory tract obstruction]
•呼吸均勻（呼吸加深或加快)[eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)]
•呼吸停止[apnea]
•呼吸費(fèi)力[respiration is labored]
•語(yǔ)音（觸覺(jué))震顫[vocal (tactile) fremitus]
•語(yǔ)顫相等（減弱、增強(qiáng))[vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)]
•間接（直接)叩診[mediate (immediate) percussion]
• 濁（實(shí)、鼓、清、過(guò)清、金屬)音[dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)]
•移動(dòng)范圍[range of movement]醫(yī)學(xué).全.在線.網(wǎng).站.提供
• 呼吸音消失（減弱，增強(qiáng))[absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound]
•呼吸音粗（清)[sound of breath(SOB) is rough (clear)]
•支氣管（支氣管肺泡，肺泡)音[bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)]
•管狀呼吸音[tubular breath sound]
•捻發(fā)音[crepitant rales]
•爆裂音[crackles]
•干（濕)羅音[dry (moist) rales]
•細(xì)（中等、粗)羅音[fine (medium, coarse) rales]
•呼（吸)氣未羅音[end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales]
•胸膜摩擦音[pleural friction rub]
•呼（吸)氣延長(zhǎng)[prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)]
•高（低)調(diào)鼾音[sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)]
•哨笛音[sibilant rales]
•哮鳴音[wheezing]
•�。ㄖ�、大)水泡音[small(middle, big) bubbles]
•支氣管語(yǔ)音[bronchophony]
•耳語(yǔ)音[whispered]
•羊鳴音[egophony]
•高（低)音調(diào)[high (low)-pitched]
•兩肺部（右背部)[over both lung fields (right back)]
•兩（左)肺底[over the both (left) lower lung]
•整個(gè)肺野[the whole lung field]
•左（右)上（下)肺[the left (right) upper (lower) lung]
•肺尖（底)[apex (base) of lung]
