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中醫(yī)的基本特點(diǎn) |
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The Basic Characteristics of TCM |
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中醫(yī)以整體觀念和陰陽(yáng)五行學(xué)說(shuō)為指導(dǎo)思想和理論方法，以臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說(shuō)為理論核心，以辨證論治為診療方法。與西醫(yī)學(xué)相比，它的特點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在整體觀念和辨證論治兩個(gè)方面。 |
The complete system of Traditional Chinese Medicine was formed with yin-yang and five elements theory being the guidance and theoretical method, viscera and meridian theories the theoretical core, and syndrome differentiation the way of disease treating. Compared with the Western medicine, TCM’s characteristic lies primarily in its holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. | |
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整體觀念：整體觀念是中醫(yī)學(xué)對(duì)人體本身的統(tǒng)一性和完整性，以及對(duì)人與自然界相互關(guān)系的整體認(rèn)識(shí)。它認(rèn)為，人體與外界環(huán)境是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的有機(jī)的整體，而人體本身又是這一巨大體系的縮影，也是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的有機(jī)整體。 |
Holism: The holism refers to the unity and integration of the body, and the relationship of the natural world to the human being. It holds that the body and the external environment together create an organic whole and that the body, while epitomizing the larger universe, is a unique organic whole by itself. | |
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整體觀念認(rèn)為，人體是具有不同生理功能的各種臟腑組織和器官所組成的整體。他們相互作用，構(gòu)成整體，并通過(guò)相互協(xié)調(diào)保持機(jī)體平衡。它們彼此之間在生理上相互聯(lián)系、相互制約，共同維持其生理活動(dòng)的協(xié)調(diào)平衡，在病理上又相互影響，產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的病理反應(yīng)。這種整體的聯(lián)系或影響是以五臟為中心，通過(guò)經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)絡(luò)作用而實(shí)現(xiàn)的，具體表現(xiàn)在生理、病理、診斷和治療等各個(gè)方面。 |
The holism of TCM holds that the body is the integration of various viscera, tissues and organs with separate physiological functions. They interact to make up an entire system and keep balance through physiological coordination. They are physiologically interrelated and mutually restricted to maintaining the physiologically coordinated activities of the body and produce pathologically complicated reactions. This integrated relationship is centered around the five zang-viscera and achieved through the connecting action of the meridian system, presenting itself in physiological, pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic areas. | |
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如中醫(yī)生理學(xué)整體觀認(rèn)為，人體是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)平衡的產(chǎn)物，并通過(guò)陰陽(yáng)對(duì)立統(tǒng)一、陰平陽(yáng)秘等理論說(shuō)明機(jī)體陰陽(yáng)兩方面之間的相對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)平衡，并用五行的生克㓡化理論來(lái)揭示臟腑系統(tǒng)之間相輔相成、制約調(diào)控的整體關(guān)系。 |
According to the holism of TCM, the body is the product of the dynamic balance, It uses the theories of unity of opposites of yin and yang and calm of yin and steadiness of yang to explain how the body keeps an dynamic balance between yin and yang. It reveals the holistic relationship of cooperation and coordination, interaction and regulation between the zang-viscera and the fu-viscera through the theory of generation and restraint of Five Elements. | |
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辨證論治：辨證論治是中醫(yī)的特有特征，是中醫(yī)理論在臨床實(shí)踐中的具體應(yīng)用。辨證論治的主旨就在于分析和辨別疾病的證候、討論和確定治療法則與具體治療方法。辨證是治療的前提和基礎(chǔ)，論治是治愈疾病的手段和方法。 |
Treatment based upon syndrome differentiation: Treatment based upon syndrome differentiation is the distinguishing feature of TCM and represents the application of TCM theories in clinical practice. It mainly focuses on the analysis and differentiation of syndromes, discussion and determination of the treatment, and practice of specific therapies, in which syndrome differentiation is the premise and basis of treatment while treatment the medium and method of curing disease.醫(yī)學(xué) 全在.線提供 | |
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辨證就是將四診（望、聞、問(wèn)、切)所收集的有關(guān)疾病資料，包括各種癥狀、體征等，加以分析、綜合，判斷為某種性質(zhì)的“證候”，以探求疾病的本質(zhì)。證與癥是兩個(gè)不同的概念。癥是癥狀或體征，如頭痛、咳嗽等。證或證候是指人體在疾病發(fā)展過(guò)程某一階段所出現(xiàn)的一組有機(jī)聯(lián)系癥狀的病理概括。它能夠辯證地分析特定疾病的病變部位、原因、性質(zhì)及其邪正關(guān)系，能夠在一定程度上反映出疾病發(fā)展過(guò)程中某一階段病理變化的本質(zhì)，因此，“證”比“癥狀”能更全面、更深刻、更準(zhǔn)確地揭示疾病的發(fā)展過(guò)程和本質(zhì)。 |
Syndrome differentiation is a process where doctors analyze and summarize the relevant information gathered from the four diagnostic methods (inspection, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, and pulse feeling and palpation), including all symptoms and signs, make judgment of the properties of the syndromes based on this information, and probe into the essence of the disease. Syndrome is different from symptom in TCM. Symptom refers to the clinical manifestations of a disease, such as cough, vomiting. Syndrome, on the other hand, refers to the pathological generalization of a group of closely related symptoms on a given stage in the course of disease development. Since syndrome demonstrates the specific part, cause, and property of a disease and the relationship between healthy and pathogenic factors and reflects the essence of pathological changes at a given point of disease’s development, it can, rather than a symptom, provide a more comprehensive, further-reaching and more accurate view of the course and essence of a disease. |
